1. Kuyini ukugaya?Zama ukusho izinhlobo eziningana zokugaya.
Impendulo: Ukugaya kuyindlela yokucubungula esusa ungqimba olwedlulele phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ngesenzo sokusika ithuluzi eliqhumayo, ukuze izinga eliphezulu le-workpiece lihlangabezane nezidingo ezinqunywe kusengaphambili.Amafomu okugaya avamile ngokuvamile ahlanganisa: ukugaya i-cylindrical, ukugaya kwangaphakathi, ukugaya okungenasici, ukugaya intambo, ukugaya izindawo eziyisicaba ze-workpieces, nokugaya izindawo ezakhayo.
2. Liyini ithuluzi eliqhumayo?Linjani isondo lokugaya?Yiziphi izici ezinquma ukusebenza kwayo?
Impendulo: Wonke amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukugaya, ukugaya kanye nokupholishwa ngokuhlangene kubizwa ngokuthi amathuluzi abrasive, iningi lawo enziwe ngama-abrasives nama-binders.
Amasondo okugaya akhiwa okusanhlamvu abrasive, ama-binders kanye nezimbotshana (ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle), futhi ukusebenza kwawo kunqunywa ikakhulukazi izici ezifana nama-abrasives, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, izibophezelo, ubulukhuni kanye nokuhleleka.
3. Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-abrasives?Faka ohlwini ama-abrasive ambalwa asetshenziswa kakhulu.
Impendulo: I-abrasive ibhekene ngqo nomsebenzi wokusika, futhi kufanele ibe nobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokuqina okuthile, futhi kufanele ikwazi ukwenza imiphetho ebukhali namakhona lapho iphukile.Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-abrasives ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni: uchungechunge lwe-oxide, uchungechunge lwe-carbide nochungechunge oluqinile oluqinile.Ama-abrasives asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-white corundum, i-zirconium corundum, i-cubic boron carbide, idayimane yokwenziwa, i-cubic boron nitride, njll.
4. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokugqoka amasondo okugaya?Ithini incazelo yokugqoka isondo lokugaya?
Impendulo: Ukuguga kwesondo lokugaya ikakhulukazi kufaka amaleveli amabili: ukulahleka kwe-abrasive kanye nokwehluleka kwesondo lokugaya.Ukulahleka kwezinhlamvu ezihlabayo ebusweni besondo lokugaya kungahlukaniswa kube izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene: ukudlula kwezinhlamvu ezilimazayo, ukuchotshozwa kwezinhlamvu ezilimazayo, nokuchithwa kwezinhlamvu ezilumayo.Ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwesondo lokugaya, ikhono lalo lokusika liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi ekugcineni alikwazi ukugaywa ngokujwayelekile, futhi ukunemba kwemishini eshiwo kanye nekhwalithi yendawo akukwazi ukufinyelelwa.Ngalesi sikhathi, isondo lokugaya liyahluleka.Kunezinhlobo ezintathu: ukufiphala kwendawo yokusebenza yesondo lokugaya, ukuvinjelwa kwendawo yokusebenza yesondo lokugaya, nokuhlanekezela komkhonto wesondo lokugaya.
Lapho isondo lokugaya seligugile, kuyadingeka ukuthi ugqoke kabusha isondo lokugaya.Ukugqoka yitemu elijwayelekile lokubumba nokulola.Ukubumba ukwenza isondo lokugaya libe nesimo sejiyomethri ezinezidingo ezithile zokunemba;ukulola ukususa i-ejenti ebophayo phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezihlabayo, ukuze izinhlamvu ezihlabayo ziphume ku-ejenti yokubopha ziye ekuphakameni okuthile (cishe u-1/3 wosayizi wezinhlamvu ezihlabayo ezijwayelekile), zakha umphetho omuhle wokusika kanye nesikhala esanele semvuthuluka. .Ukubunjwa nokucija kwamasondo okugaya ajwayelekile ngokuvamile kwenziwa kwelinye;ukubunjwa nokucijiswa kwamasondo okugaya anamandla kakhulu ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa.Eyokuqala iwukuthola i-geometry yesondo lokugaya efanelekile kanti eyesibili iwukuthuthukisa ukucija kokugaya.
5. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokunyakaza kokugaya ku-cylindrical kanye nokugaya okuphezulu?
Impendulo: Uma ugaya indilinga yangaphandle kanye nendiza, ukunyakaza kokugaya kufaka amafomu amane: ukunyakaza okuyinhloko, ukunyakaza kwe-radial feed, ukunyakaza kwe-axial feed kanye nokuzungezisa kwe-workpiece noma ukunyakaza okuqondile.
6. Chaza kafushane inqubo yokugaya inhlayiya eyodwa eqhumayo.
Impendulo: Inqubo yokugaya uhlamvu olulodwa lwe-abrasive cishe ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: ukushelela, ukufaka amaphuzu nokusika.
(1) Isiteji sokushelela: Phakathi nenqubo yokugaya, ubukhulu bokusika bukhuphuka kancane kancane busuka ku-zero.Esigabeni sokushelela, ngenxa yobukhulu bokusika obuncane kakhulu be-acg lapho unqenqema olulimazayo nomsebenzi uqala ukuthintana, lapho irediyasi eyindilinga ebuthuntu rn>acg ekhoneni elingaphezulu lezinhlamvu ezihubhukayo, izinhlamvu eziqhumayo zishelela phezulu kuphela. ye-workpiece, futhi ikhiqize kuphela i-Elastic deformation, awekho ama-chips.
(2) Isiteji sokubhala: ngokwanda kokungena kokujula kwezinhlayiya ezihuqayo, ingcindezi phakathi kwezinhlayiya eziqhumayo kanye nobuso bomsebenzi wokusebenza iyanda kancane kancane, futhi ungqimba olungaphezulu luphinde luguquke lusuka ekuguquguqukeni kokunwebeka luye ekuguqukeni kwepulasitiki.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-extrusion friction inzima, futhi ukushisa okukhulu kukhiqizwa.Lapho insimbi ishisa endaweni ebucayi, ukucindezeleka okuvamile kokushisa kudlula amandla okukhiqiza okubalulekile ezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi umkhawulo wokusika uqala ukusika ebusweni bezinto.Ukushelela kuphushela indawo ebonakalayo ngaphambili nasemaceleni ezinhlamvu ezilumayo, okubangela izinhlamvu ezilumayo ukuba zibaze imifantu ebusweni bomsebenzi wokusebenza, namaqhuqhuva nhlangothi zombili zemifantu.Izici zalesi sigaba yilezi: ukugeleza kwepulasitiki kanye ne-bulge kwenzeka ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi ama-chips awakwazi ukwakhiwa ngenxa yokuthi ukusika kwezinhlayiya ezilimazayo akufinyeleli inani elibalulekile lokubunjwa kwe-chip.
(3) Isiteji sokusika: Lapho ukujula kokungenela kukhula kube yinani elibucayi, ungqimba olusikiwe ngokusobala lushibilika eduze kwendawo yokugunda ngaphansi kokukhipha izinhlayiya ezilumayo, zenze ama-chips azogeleza eduze kobuso bereki, esibizwa ngokuthi isiteji sokusika.
7. Sebenzisa isisombululo se-JCJaeger ukuze uhlaziye ngokwethiyori izinga lokushisa lendawo yokugaya ngesikhathi sokugaya okomile.
Impendulo: Uma ugaya, ubude be-arc yokuxhumana nabo buncane ngenxa yokujula okuncane kokusika.Ngakho-ke ingabhekwa njengomthombo wokushisa omise okwebhande ohamba phezu komzimba ongapheli.Lesi isisekelo sesixazululo sika-JCJaeger.(a) Umthombo wokushisa ongaphezulu endaweni yokugaya (b) Qondisa isistimu yomthombo wokushisa ongaphezulu uma ukunyakaza.
Indawo yokugaya i-arc AA￠B￠B iwumthombo wokushisa webhande, futhi amandla ayo okushisa ngu-qm;ububanzi bayo w buhlobene nobubanzi besondo lokugaya kanye nokujula kokugaya.Umthombo wokushisa u-AA￠B￠B ungabhekwa njengokuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yokushisa ewumugqa ongenakubalwa i-dxi, ithathe umthombo othile wokushisa olayini we-dxi ukuze uphenywe, amandla omthombo wawo wokushisa ngu-qmBdxi, futhi uhamba ngendlela engu-X ngesivinini esingu-Vw.
8. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokushiswa kokugaya kanye nezinyathelo zabo zokulawula?
Impendulo: Ngokuya ngokubukeka kokusha, kukhona ukusha okuvamile, ukushiswa kwamabala, nokusha komugqa (ukusha komugqa endaweni yonke yengxenye).Ngokwemvelo yezinguquko ze-surface microstructure, kukhona: ukushiswa kokushisa, ukucisha ukusha, nokusha okubambayo.
Enqubweni yokugaya, isizathu esiyinhloko sokushiswa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lendawo yokugaya liphezulu kakhulu.Ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa lendawo yokugaya, izindlela ezimbili zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe isizukulwane sokushisa kokugaya futhi kusheshiswe ukudluliswa kokushisa kokugaya.
Izinyathelo zokulawula ezithathwayo ngokuvamile yilezi:
(1) Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwenani lokugaya;
(2) Khetha kahle isondo lokugaya;
(3) Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezindlela zokupholisa
9. Kuyini ukugaya ngesivinini esikhulu?Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugaya okuvamile, yiziphi izici zokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu?
Impendulo: Ukugaya ngesivinini esiphezulu kuyindlela yenqubo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kanye nekhwalithi yokugaya ngokukhuphula isivinini somugqa wesondo lokugaya.Umehluko phakathi kwawo nokugaya okuvamile usejubaneni eliphezulu lokugaya kanye nezinga lokuphakela, futhi incazelo yokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu iqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1960, lapho isivinini sokugaya sasingu-50m/s, kwakubizwa ngokuthi ukugaya ngesivinini esikhulu.Ngawo-1990, isivinini esikhulu sokugaya safinyelela ku-500m/s.Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, isivinini sokugaya esingaphezu kuka-100m/s sibizwa ngokuthi ukugaya ngesivinini esikhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugaya okuvamile, ukugaya ngesivinini esikhulu kunalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
(1) Ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi yonke eminye imingcele igcinwa ingaguquki, ukwandisa kuphela isivinini sesondo lokugaya kuzoholela ekunciphiseni ukushuba kokusika kanye nokunciphisa okuhambisanayo kwamandla okusika asebenza ezinhlayiyeni eziqhumayo.
(2) Uma isivinini sokusebenza sikhuphuka ngokulingana nesivinini sesondo lokugaya, ukushuba kokusika kungahlala kungashintshiwe.Kulokhu, amandla okusika asebenza kunhlamvu ngayinye elumayo namandla okugaya okuba umphumela awashintshi.Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu ukuthi izinga lokususwa kwezinto likhuphuka ngokulinganayo ngamandla okugaya afanayo.
10. Chaza kafushane izidingo zokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu zamasondo okugaya namathuluzi omshini.
Impendulo: Amasondo okugaya anesivinini esikhulu kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
(1) Amandla omshini wesondo lokugaya kufanele akwazi ukumelana namandla okusika ngesikhathi sokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu;
(2) Ukuphepha nokuthembeka ngesikhathi sokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu;
(3) ukubukeka okubukhali;
(4) Isibophezelo kufanele sibe nokungagugi okuphezulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguga kwesondo lokugaya.
Izidingo zokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu kumathuluzi omshini:
(1) Ukuphotha okunesivinini esikhulu nama-bearings awo: Ama-bearings ama-spindle anesivinini esikhulu ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-angular contact ball bearings.Ukuze kuncishiswe ukushisisa kwe-spindle futhi kwandiswe isivinini esiphezulu se-spindle, iningi lesizukulwane esisha sezintambo zikagesi ezinesivinini esikhulu zigcotshwa ngamafutha negesi.
(2) Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yama-grinders ajwayelekile, ama-grinders anesivinini esikhulu nawo adinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhethekile ezilandelayo: ukunemba okuphezulu okuguquguqukayo, ukumanzisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokudlidliza okuphezulu nokuzinza kokushisa;inqubo yokugaya ezenzakalelayo kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa.
(3) Ngemva kokwenyuka kwejubane lesondo lokugaya, amandla alo e-kinetic nawo ayakhula.Uma isondo lokugaya liphuka, ngokusobala lizodala umonakalo omkhulu kubantu namathuluzi kunokugaya okuvamile.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa amandla esondo lokugaya ngokwayo, okukhethekile I-wheel guard yokugaya ngesivinini kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-23-2022