Imicu ihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ibe imicu yokuxhuma kanye nemicu yokudlulisela.Ukuxhuma izintambo, izindlela eziyinhloko zokucubungula yilezi: ukuthepha, ukuthunga, ukuphenduka, ukugoqa nokugoqa, njll.;emiculweni yokudlulisa, izindlela eziyinhloko zokucubungula yilezi: ukujika-jika okuqinile, ukugaya-ukuqedwa kwe-whirl-coarse-finishing, njll.
Ukusetshenziswa komgomo wentambo kungalandelelwa emuva ku-220 BC, lapho isazi esingumGreki u-Archimedes sidala isikulufu ithuluzi lokuphakamisa amanzi.Ngekhulu le-4 AD, isimiso samabhawudi namantongomane saqala ukusetshenziswa emishinini yokunyathelisa esetshenziswa ekwenzeni iwayini emazweni aseMedithera.Ngaleso sikhathi, intambo yangaphandle yayiboshwe ngentambo ezungeza isigqi esiyisilinda, bese iqoshwa ngokwalolu phawu, kuyilapho intambo yangaphakathi yayivame ukwakhiwa ngokushaya intambo yangaphandle ngento ethambile.
Cishe ngo-1500, emdwebeni wensiza yokucubungula intambo edwetshwe uLeonardo da Vinci wase-Italy, kuhlongozwe umqondo wokusebenzisa isikulufu sowesifazane kanye negiya lokushintshana ukuze kucutshungulwe imicu enamabala ahlukene.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, indlela yokusika intambo iye yathuthukiswa embonini yokwenza amawashi yaseYurophu.
Ngo-1760, izelamani zaseBrithani u-J. Wyatt noW. Wyatt bathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokusika izikulufu zokhuni ngomshini okhethekile.Ngo-1778, u-J. Ramsden waseBrithani wake wenza idivayisi yokusika intambo eqhutshwa i-worm gear pair, engakwazi ukucubungula imicu emide ngokunemba okuphezulu.Ngo-1797, indoda eyiNgisi u-H. Maudsley yasebenzisa isikulufu sowesifazane kanye negiya lokushintshanisa ukuze iguqule imicu yensimbi ye-pitches ehlukene ku-lathe eyathuthukiswa nguye, futhi yabeka indlela eyisisekelo yokuphendula izintambo.
Ngawo-1820, uMaudsley wakhiqiza ompompi bokuqala futhi wafa ngenxa yokulutha.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto kwaqhubekisela phambili ukukhuthaza ukumisa izintambo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezinembile nezisebenzayo zokucubungula intambo.Amakhanda okuvula okuzenzakalelayo okuvula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nompompi abawa ngokuzenzekelayo abanciphayo kwasungulwa ngokulandelana, futhi ukugaya intambo kwaqala ukusetshenziswa.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, kwavela ukugaya intambo.
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokugoqa intambo babunelungelo lobunikazi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ngenxa yobunzima bokukhiqiza isikhunta, ukuthuthukiswa kwahamba kancane kwaze kwaba yiMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1942-1945), ngenxa yezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwezikhali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokugaya intambo. ubuchwepheshe Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwafinyelelwa kuphela ngemva kokuxazulula inkinga yokunemba yokukhiqiza isikhunta.
Isigaba sokuqala: ukusika intambo
Ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa endleleni yokwenza izintambo ezincekwini zokusebenza ngamathuluzi okwakha noma amathuluzi abrasive, ikakhulukazi okufaka ukuphenduka, ukugaya, ukuthepha, ukugaya intambo, ukugaya nokusika okuvunguzayo.Lapho uguqula, ukugaya nokugaya izintambo, iketango lokudlulisela lethuluzi lomshini liqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi eliphendukayo, i-milling cutter noma isondo lokugaya lihamba ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo okukodwa okuholela e-eksisi yesiqeshana sokusebenza ngokuphenduka ngakunye kwendawo yokusebenza.Lapho uthepha noma uhlanganisa, ithuluzi (thepha noma ufe) kanye nocezu lokusebenza kuyazungezisa ngokuhlobene, futhi ithuluzi (noma ucezu lokusebenza) liqondiswa i-groove yentambo eyakhiwe ngaphambilini ukuze ihambe nge-axially.
01 Ukuphenduka kwentambo
Ukuvula intambo ku-lathe kungenziwa ngethuluzi lokuphehla noma ikamu lentambo.Ukuguqula izintambo ngethuluzi lokuguqula ukwakha kuyindlela evamile yokukhiqizwa kwesiqephu esisodwa kanye neqoqo elincane lezinto zokusebenza ezinezintambo ngenxa yesakhiwo esilula samathuluzi;ukuphendulela izintambo ngethuluzi lokuhlanganisa intambo kunokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kodwa isakhiwo samathuluzi siyinkimbinkimbi futhi sifanele kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwe-batch ephakathi nendawo enkulu.Ukuguqula ama-workpieces ochungechunge olufushane ngephimbo elihle.Ukunemba kwe-pitch kwama-lathes ajwayelekile okuguqula imicu ye-trapezoidal ngokuvamile ingafinyelela kumabanga angu-8 kuye kwayi-9 (JB2886-81, okufanayo ngezansi);ukwenza imicu kuma-lathes entambo akhethekile kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza noma ukunemba.
02 Ukugaywa kwentambo
Ukugaya ngediski noma ikamu lokusika emshinini wokugaya.
Abasiki be-disc milling basetshenziswa kakhulu ekugayeni imicu ye-trapezoidal yangaphandle ezintweni zokusebenza ezifana nesikulufu nesibungu.Umsiki wokugaya omise okwekama usetshenziselwa ukugaya imicu evamile yangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nemicu ecijile.Njengoba igaywe nge-multi-blade milling cutter futhi ubude bengxenye yayo yokusebenza bukhulu kunobude bentambo okufanele icutshungulwe, i-workpiece idinga kuphela ukujikeleziswa okungu-1.25 kuya ku-1.5 ukuze icutshungulwe.Kwenziwe ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu.Ukunemba kwephimbo lokugaywa kwentambo ngokuvamile kungafinyelela kumabanga ayi-8 kuya kwayi-9, futhi ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bungama-microns angama-R5 kuya ku-0.63.Le ndlela ilungele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bezingcezu zokusebenzela ezinezinemba ezijwayelekile noma ukugoqa ngaphambi kokugaya.
03 Ukugaya intambo
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukucubungula izintambo ezinembayo zezinto zokusebenza eziqinile emishinini yokugaya intambo.Ngokwesimo sesigaba esiphambanayo sesondo lokugaya, singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: isondo lokugaya elinomugqa owodwa kanye nesondo lokugaya elinemigqa eminingi.Ukunemba kwephimbo okungafinyelelwa ngokugaya kwesondo lomugqa owodwa kungamabanga ama-5 kuye kwasi-6, futhi ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bungama-microns angu-R1.25 kuya ku-0.08, okulungele kangcono ukugqoka isondo lokugaya.Le ndlela ilungele ukugaya izikulufu ezinembayo, izikali zentambo, izikelemu, amaqoqo amancane ezinto zokusebenza ezinentambo kanye nezinsimbi zokunemba zokugaya.I-Multi-line grinding wheel grinding ihlukaniswe yaba indlela yokugaya i-longitudinal kanye nendlela yokugaya.Endleleni yokugaya i-longitudinal, ububanzi besondo lokugaya buncane kunobude bentambo okufanele igaywe, futhi isondo lokugaya lihamba ngobude kanye noma izikhathi eziningana ukuze ligaye intambo ifinyelele ubukhulu bokugcina.Ububanzi besondo lokugaya lendlela yokugaya bukhulu kunobude bentambo okufanele igaywe.Isondo lokugaya lisikwa ebusweni be-workpiece radially, futhi i-workpiece ingagaywa kahle ngemva kokuphenduka okungaba ngu-1.25.Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu, kodwa ukunemba kuphansi kancane, futhi ukugqoka isondo lokugaya kuyinkimbinkimbi.I-Plunge grinding ilungele ukugaywa kweziqephu ezinkulu zompompi kanye nokugaya imicu ethile ukuze kuqiniswe.
04 Ukugaya intambo
Ithuluzi lokugaya intambo yohlobo lwenathi noma isikulufu lenziwe ngezinto ezithambile ezifana nensimbi ecijile, futhi ingxenye yochungechunge olucutshunguliwe endaweni yokusebenza enephutha le-pitch iyaphendukiswa futhi igaywe izikhombisi-ndlela eziya phambili nezihlehlayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwephimbo. .Imicu yangaphakathi eqinile ivamise ukuba phansi ukuze kuqedwe ukuwohloka nokuthuthukisa ukunemba.
05 Ukucofa nokucupha
Ukuthepha: Kuwukugoqa umpompi embobeni engaphansi ebhojwe ngaphambili endaweni yokusebenza ngetorque ethile ukucubungula umucu wangaphakathi.
Intambo: Ukusika intambo yangaphandle kubha (noma ipayipi) ucezu lokusebenza ngedayizi.Ukunemba komshini wokuthepha noma ukuthunga kuncike ekunembeni kompompi noma ukufa.
Nakuba ziningi izindlela zokucubungula imicu yangaphakathi neyangaphandle, imicu yangaphakathi enobubanzi obuncane ingacutshungulwa kuphela ngompompi.Ukuthepha nokuhlanganisa kungenziwa ngesandla, nangezintambo, imishini yokubhoboza, imishini yokudonsa kanye nemishini yokulutha.
Isigaba sesibili: ukugoqa uchungechunge
Indlela yokucubungula yokuguqula i-workpiece nge-plastically rolling die ukuze uthole intambo.Ukugingqa intambo ngokuvamile kwenziwa emshinini wokugoqa intambo noma i-lathe e-othomathikhi enekhanda eligoqekayo lokuvula nokuvala intambo.Imicu yangaphandle yokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwezibophelelo ezijwayelekile nokunye ukuhlanganisa okunentambo.Ububanzi bangaphandle bentambo egoqiwe ngokuvamile abukho ngaphezu kuka-25 mm, ubude abukho ngaphezu kwe-100 mm, ukunemba kwentambo kungafinyelela ezingeni 2 (GB197-63), kanti ububanzi bendawo engenalutho esetshenzisiwe bulingana nephimbo. ububanzi bentambo ecutshunguliwe.Ukuginqika ngokuvamile akukwazi ukucubungula izintambo zangaphakathi, kodwa kuma-workpieces anezinto ezithambile, umpompi we-extrusion ongena-grooveless ungasetshenziswa ukukhipha izintambo zangaphakathi ezibandayo (ubukhulu obukhulu bungafinyelela cishe ku-30 mm).Umgomo wokusebenza uyafana nowokucofa.I-torque edingekayo ekukhipheni okubandayo kwemicu yangaphakathi icishe ibe yinkulu ngokuphindwe ka-1 kunaleyo yokuthepha, futhi ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi yendawo ephezulu iphakeme kancane kunaleyo yokuthepha.
Ubuhle bokugoqeka kwentambo: ①Ubulukhuni bendawo buncane kunobo bokuphenduka, ukugaya nokugaya;②Amandla nobulukhuni bentambo engaphezulu ngemuva kokugingqika ingathuthukiswa ngenxa yokuqina komsebenzi obandayo;③Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwempahla liphezulu;④Ukukhiqiza kuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika , futhi kulula ukubona i-automation;⑤ Impilo ye-rolling die yinde kakhulu.Nokho, intambo eginqikayo idinga ukuthi ubulukhuni bempahla yokusebenza bungeqi ku-HRC40;ukunemba kobukhulu bokungenalutho kuphezulu;ukunemba nobulukhuni befa eligoqayo nakho kuphezulu, futhi kunzima ukwenza idayizi;ayifanelekile ukugoqa izintambo ezine-asymmetric tooth shape.
Ngokusho kwe-rolling dies ehlukene, ukugoqa intambo kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukugoqa intambo nokugingqa intambo.
06 Ukugingqika kwentambo
Amapuleti amabili agoqayo anomumo wezinyo elinentambo ahlelwa ngokuphambana nge-pitch engu-1/2, ipuleti elimile lilungisiwe, futhi ipuleti elinyakazayo lihamba ngokunyakaza okuhambisanayo okuhambisanayo okuhambisana nepuleti elimile.Lapho i-workpiece ithunyelwa phakathi kwamapuleti amabili, ipuleti elinyakazayo liya phambili futhi lihlikihla isiqeshana sokusebenza ukuze siwohloke ngokwepulasitiki indawo engaphezulu ukuze yakhe intambo.
07 Ukugingqika kwentambo
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokugingqa intambo ye-radial, intambo e-tangential kanye nekhanda eligoqayo.
①Ukugingqa intambo ewuchungechunge: 2 (noma 3) amasondo agoqa intambo anephrofayili yochungechunge afakwe kumashafti ahambisanayo, indawo yokusebenza ibekwe phezu kosekelo phakathi kwamasondo amabili, futhi amasondo amabili azungeza ngesivinini esifanayo ohlangothini olufanayo.Isondo futhi lenza ukunyakaza kwe-radial feed.I-workpiece izungeziswa yisondo eligoqa intambo, futhi indawo engaphezulu ikhishwa nge-radially ukuze yakhe imicu.Kwezinye izikulufu zokuhola ezingadingi ukunemba okuphezulu, indlela efanayo ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwenzeni umqulu.
②I-Tangential thread rolling: Okuphinde kwaziwe njengokugoqa kwentambo yeplanethi, ithuluzi eligoqayo liqukethe isondo elizungezayo elimaphakathi nentambo namapuleti amathathu amile amise okwe-arc.Ngesikhathi sokugoqa intambo, i-workpiece ingaphakelwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho-ke ukukhiqiza kuphezulu kunalowo wokugoqa intambo nokugingqa intambo ye-radial.
③ Ikhanda eligoqayo: Lenziwa nge-lathe ezenzakalelayo futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukucubungula imicu emifushane kucezu lokusebenza.Kunamasondo agoqayo angu-3 kuya ku-4 asakazwa ngokulinganayo endaweni engaphandle yesiqeshana sokusebenza ekhanda eligoqayo.Ngesikhathi sokugoqa intambo, i-workpiece iyazungeza futhi ikhanda eligoqayo liphakela i-axially ukugoqa ucezu lokusebenza ngaphandle kwentambo.
08 EDM ukuxhuma
Ukucutshungulwa kwemicu evamile ngokuvamile kusebenzisa izikhungo zokwenza imishini noma izisetshenziswa zokuthepha namathuluzi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuthepha ngesandla nakho kuyenzeka.Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, lezi zindlela ezingenhla akulula ukuthola imiphumela emihle yokucubungula, njengesidingo somshini wezintambo ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa kwezingxenye ngenxa yokunganaki, noma ngenxa yezinkinga zezinto ezibonakalayo, njengesidingo sokuthinta ngokuqondile i-carbide. ama-workpieces.Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukucabangela indlela yokucubungula ye-EDM.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yomshini, inqubo ye-EDM ilandelana okufanayo, futhi imbobo ephansi idinga ukubhobozwa kuqala, futhi ububanzi bomgodi ongezansi kufanele bunqunywe ngokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza.I-electrode idinga ukwenziwa ngomshini ibe umumo wentambo, futhi i-electrode idinga ukukwazi ukujikeleza phakathi nenqubo yomshini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-06-2022