Ngokwendlela yokwenza amamodeli wamathuluzi omshini, amathuluzi omshini ahlukaniswe izigaba eziyi-11: izinsimbi, imishini yokumba, imishini ebhokayo, imishini yokugaya, imishini yokucubungula amagiya, imishini yokulutha, imishini yokugaya, imishini yokufaka iplanethi, imishini yokugaya, imishini yokusaha nokunye. amathuluzi omshini.Ohlotsheni ngalunye lwethuluzi lomshini, lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana ngokuya ngebanga lenqubo, uhlobo lwesakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo, futhi iqembu ngalinye lihlukaniswe ngochungechunge oluningana.Kodwa ingabe izimpushana zegolide ziyawazi umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwala mathuluzi omshini?Namuhla, umhleli uzokhuluma nawe mayelana nezindaba zomlando zamapulani, ama-grinder, nemishini yokubhoboza.
1. Umhleli
Enkambweni yokusungulwa, izinto eziningi zivame ukuhambisana futhi zihlanganiswe: ukuze ukhiqize injini ye-steam, usizo lomshini oyisicefe luyadingeka;ngemva kokusungulwa kwenjini yesitimu, i-gantry planer ibizwa futhi ngokwezidingo zenqubo.Kungashiwo ukuthi kwaba ukusungulwa kwenjini ye-steam eyaholela ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni "komshini osebenzayo" kusuka emishinini eyisicefe kanye nezintambo kuya kumapulani e-gantry.Eqinisweni, i-planer "indiza" ehlela insimbi.
1. I-Gantry planer yokucubungula izindiza ezinkulu (1839) Ngenxa yesidingo sokucubungula indiza yezihlalo ze-valve injini, ochwepheshe abaningi baqala ukutadisha lesi sici kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kuhlanganise noRichard Robert, uRichard Pula Special, uJames Fox kanye UJoseph Clement, njll., baqala ngo-1814 futhi benza ngokuzimela i-gantry planer phakathi neminyaka engama-25.Le planer ye-gantry eyokulungisa into ecutshunguliwe kuplathifomu ephindaphindayo, futhi iplanethi isika uhlangothi olulodwa lwento ecutshunguliwe.Kodwa-ke, le planer ayinayo ithuluzi lokuphakela imimese, futhi isendleleni yokuguqula isuke “ethuluzini” iye “emshinini”.Ngo-1839, indoda yaseBrithani okuthiwa uBodmer yagcina iklame indiza ye-gantry enomshini wokuphakela ngommese.
2. I-Planer yokucubungula izici Enye iNgisi, uNeismith, yasungula futhi yakha iplanethi yokucubungula izici phakathi neminyaka engu-40 kusukela ngo-1831. Ingakwazi ukulungisa into ecutshunguliwe embhedeni, futhi ithuluzi liya emuva naphambili.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi kanye nokuvela kwama-motor kagesi, abahleli be-gantry baye bathuthuka ngendlela yokusika ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nokunemba okuphezulu ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ohlangothini lwentuthuko enkulu ngakolunye uhlangothi.
2. Igrinder
Ukugaya kuyindlela yasendulo eyaziwa isintu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.Le nqubo yayisetshenziselwa ukugaya amathuluzi amatshe nge-Paleolithic Age.Kamuva, ngokusetshenziswa kwezitsha zensimbi, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugaya kwakhuthazwa.Nokho, ukuklanywa komshini wokugaya ongokoqobo kuseyinto yakamuva.Ngisho nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, abantu basasebenzisa itshe lokugaya lemvelo ukuze baxhumane nomsebenzi wokugaya.
1. I-grinder yokuqala (1864) Ngo-1864, i-United States yenza umshini wokugaya wokuqala emhlabeni, okuwumshini ofaka isondo lokugaya endaweni yokubamba ithuluzi lama-slide we-lathe futhi ulenze libe nomshini ozishintshayo.Ngemva kweminyaka engu-12, uBrown e-United States wasungula umshini wokugaya osebenza emhlabeni wonke oseduze nomshini wokugaya wesimanje.
2. Itshe lokugaya lokwenziwa - ukuzalwa kwesondo lokugaya (1892) Isidingo setshe lokugaya lokwenziwa siyavela.Indlela yokuthuthukisa i-grindstone ekwazi ukumelana nokugqoka kune-grindstone yemvelo?Ngo-1892, i-American Acheson yakhiqiza ngempumelelo i-silicon carbide eyenziwe nge-coke nesihlabathi, okuyitshe lokugaya lokwenziwa manje elibizwa ngokuthi i-C abrasive;eminyakeni emibili kamuva, i-Abrasive ene-alumina njengengxenye eyinhloko yakhiqizwa ukuhlolwa.Impumelelo, ngale ndlela, umshini wokugaya usetshenziswe kabanzi.
Kamuva, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwama-bearings nama-rails aqondisayo, ukunemba kwegrinder kwaba phezulu nangaphezulu, futhi kwathuthukiswa ekuqondeni okukhethekile.Kwavela ama-grinders angaphakathi, ama-surface grinders, ama-roller grinders, ama-universal grinders, njll.
3. Umshini wokumba
1. Umshini wokumba wasendulo - ubuchwepheshe bokugaya "umnsalo ne-reel" bunomlando omude.Abavubukuli manje sebethole ukuthi umshini wokubhoboza izimbobo wasungulwa abantu ngo-4000 BC.Abantu basendulo babemisa ugodo ezindaweni ezimbili eziqondile, bese ilenga inyongo ephendukayo phansi epulangweni, bese bebopha insalo ngentambo yomnsalo ukuze inyongo ijikelezise, ukuze kubhodlozwe izimbobo okhunini nasetsheni.Ngokushesha, abantu baphinde baklama ithuluzi lokubhoboza elibizwa ngokuthi “isondo eliqengqelekayo”, eliphinde lasebenzisa intambo yomnsalo enwebekayo ukwenza insika ijikeleze.
2. Umshini wokuqala wokumba (Whitworth, 1862) cishe wawungo-1850, futhi iMartignoni yaseJalimane yaqala ukwenza i-twist drill yokumba insimbi;eMbukisweni Wamazwe Ngamazwe owawuseLondon, eNgilandi ngo-1862, i-British Whitworth yabonisa umshini wokubhoboza oqhutshwa umshini wensimbi oqhutshwa ngamandla, owaba umfuziselo womshini wokubhoboza wesimanje.
Kusukela lapho, imishini yokumba ehlukahlukene iye yavela ngokulandelana, okuhlanganisa imishini yokumba ama-radial, imishini yokumba enemishini yokuphakela okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nemishini yokumba ama-multi-axis engakwazi ukubhoboza izimbobo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zamathuluzi nezinsimbi zokubhoboza, kanye nokwethulwa kwamamotho kagesi, imishini yokubhoboza emikhulu, esebenza kahle kakhulu ekugcineni yakhiqizwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-13-2022