Ukwenza intambo kungenye yezicelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC.Ikhwalithi yomshini kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemicu kuzothinta ngqo ikhwalithi yomshini wezingxenye kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezikhungo zomshini.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwezikhungo ze-cnc machining kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okusika, indlela yokuhlanganisa ibuye ithuthuke njalo, futhi ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokuthunga nakho kuyathuthuka kancane kancane.Ukuze ochwepheshe bakwazi ukukhetha ngokunengqondo izindlela zokulutha ekucubunguleni, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokugwema izingozi zekhwalithi, izindlela ezimbalwa zokuhlanganisa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zemishini ye-CNC ngokusebenza zifingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
1. Thepha indlela yokucubungula
1.1 Ukuhlukaniswa nezici zokucubungula kampompi
Ukusebenzisa ompompi ukucubungula izimbobo ezinentambo kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokucubungula.Ifaneleka kakhulu izimbobo ezinentambo ezinobubanzi obuncane (D<30) kanye nezidingo zokunemba kwendawo ephansi.
Ngawo-1980s, izindlela zokuthepha eziguquguqukayo zamukelwa ezimbobeni ezinentambo, okungukuthi, i-chuck yokucofa eguquguqukayo yasetshenziswa ukubamba umpompi, futhi i-chuck yokucofa yayingasetshenziselwa isinxephezelo se-axial ukunxephezela okuphakelayo okubangelwa ukuphakela kwe-asynchronous komshini. ithuluzi kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza kwe-spindle.Nikeza iphutha ukuze uqinisekise ukuphakama okulungile.I-flexible tapping chuck inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko eziphezulu, ukulimala okulula nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusebenza kwezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC kuye kwathuthuka kancane kancane, futhi umsebenzi wokuthepha oqinile usuphenduke ukumiswa okuyisisekelo kwezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthepha okuqinile sekuyindlela eyinhloko yokulutha okwamanje.
Okusho ukuthi, umpompi uboshwe nge-collet eqinile, futhi i-spindle feed nesivinini sokuphotha kulawulwa ithuluzi lomshini.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-flexible tapping chuck, i-collet yasentwasahlobo inesakhiwo esilula, intengo ephansi, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa.Ngaphezu kokubamba ompompi, ingaphinda ibambe amathuluzi afana nezigayo nama-drill, anganciphisa izindleko zamathuluzi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthepha okuqinile kungasetshenziselwa ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesikhungo somshini futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
1.2 Ukunqunywa kwembobo engezansi enentambo ngaphambi kokuthepha
Ukucutshungulwa kwembobo engezansi yentambo kunethonya elikhulu empilweni kampompi kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula intambo.Imvamisa, ububanzi bokubhoboza imbobo engezansi enentambo kukhethwa eduze komkhawulo ongaphezulu wokubekezelela kobubanzi bembobo enentambo engaphansi,
Isibonelo, ububanzi bembobo engezansi yembobo enentambo engu-M8 yi-Ф6.7+0.27mm, futhi ububanzi be-drill bit ngu-Ф6.9mm.Ngale ndlela, imvume yomshini kampompi ingancishiswa, umthwalo wempompi ungancishiswa, futhi impilo yesevisi kampompi ingathuthukiswa.
1.3 Ukukhethwa kompompi
Lapho ukhetha umpompi, okokuqala, umpompi ohambisanayo kufanele ukhethwe ngokuya ngezinto okufanele zicutshungulwe.Inkampani yamathuluzi ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zompompi ngokwezinto ezihlukene okufanele zicutshungulwe, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ekukhethweni.
Ngoba ompompi bazwela kakhulu ezintweni okufanele zicutshungulwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezisiki zokugaya namathuluzi ayisicefe.Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ompompi ukuze kucutshungulwe insimbi esakazwayo ukuze kucutshungulwe izingxenye ze-aluminium kulula ukubangela ukulahleka kwentambo, amabhande angahleliwe noma ukuphuka kompompi, okuholela ekulahlekeni komsebenzi.Okwesibili, kufanele kuqashelwe umehluko phakathi kompompi bembobo kanye ne-blind-hole.Umhlahlandlela osekupheleni kompompi bembobo yinde, futhi ukukhishwa kwe-chip wukukhipha ama-chip angaphambili.Ingxenye engaphambili yomhlahlandlela wembobo eyimpumputhe ifushane, futhi ukuphuma kwe-chip kuwukukhipha ama-chip angemuva.Izimbobo eziyizimpumputhe zicutshungulwa ngompompi wembobo, futhi ukujula kokulutha akunakuqinisekiswa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kusetshenziswa i-chuck yokudonsa eguquguqukayo, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ububanzi be-tap shank kanye nobubanzi besikwele kufanele bufane nobe-chuck yokuthepha;ububanzi be-tap shank ngokushaya okuqinile kufanele kufane nobubanzi bejazi lasentwasahlobo.Ngamafuphi, ukukhetha okunengqondo kuphela kompompi kungaqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kahle kokucubungula.
1.4 Uhlelo lwe-NC lomshini wompompi
Ukuhlelwa kwemishini kampompi kulula.Manje isikhungo somshini ngokuvamile siqinisa isimiso esingaphansi sokuthepha, vele unikeze inani ngalinye lepharamitha.Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amasistimu okulawula amanani ahlukene anamafomethi ahlukene wohlelo oluncane, nezincazelo zamanye amapharamitha ahlukile.
Isibonelo, isistimu yokulawula ye-SIEMEN840C, ifomethi yayo yokuhlela ithi: G84 X_Y_R2_ R3_R4_R5_R6_R7_R8_R9_R10_R13_.Udinga kuphela ukwabela lezi zinhlaka eziyi-12 lapho uhlela.
2. Indlela yokugaya intambo
2.1 Izici zokugaya intambo
Ukugaya uchungechunge ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokugaya intambo, ukuxhunyaniswa kwe-axis emithathu yesikhungo somshini, okungukuthi, ukuhumusha okuyisiyingi kwe-X, Y, kanye nendlela yokugaya okuphakelayo komugqa we-Z ukucubungula intambo.
Ukugaya intambo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukucutshungulwa kwemicu yembobo emikhulu kanye nezimbobo ezifakwe umshini okunzima ukuya emshinini.Ikakhulukazi inezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Ijubane lokucubungula liyashesha, ukusebenza kahle kuphezulu, nokunemba kokucubungula kuphezulu.Izinto zamathuluzi ngokuvamile ziyimpahla ye-carbide enosimende, futhi isivinini sokusika siyashesha.Ithuluzi lakhiwe ngokunemba okuphezulu, ngakho ukunemba kokugaya kuphezulu.
(2) Amathuluzi okugaya anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.Uma nje iphimbo lifana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi intambo engakwesokunxele noma intambo yesandla sokudla, ithuluzi elilodwa lingasetshenziswa, elizuzisa ukunciphisa izindleko zamathuluzi.
(3) Ukugaya kulula ukususa ama-chips futhi kuphole.Uma kuqhathaniswa nompompi, isimo sokusika singcono.Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukucutshungulwa kwentambo yezinto ezinzima ukuya emshinini njenge-aluminium, ithusi, nensimbi engagqwali.
Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukucutshungulwa kwezingxenye ezinkulu kanye nezingxenye zezinto eziyigugu, ezingaqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-threading nokuphepha kwe-workpiece.
⑷ Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho inkomba yangaphambili yethuluzi, ifanele ukucubungula izimbobo eziyimpumputhe ezinezimbobo ezingaphansi ezinentambo emfishane kanye nezimbobo ngaphandle kwama-undercuts.
2.2 Ukuhlelwa kwamathuluzi okugaya intambo
Amathuluzi okugaya intambo angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezimbili, eyodwa iwumshini wokusika i-carbide insert milling, kanti enye iyi-integrated carbide milling cutter.Ithuluzi eliboshwe ngomshini linohlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi lingakwazi umshini izimbobo ezinomucu ojulile ongaphansi kobude bokufaka, noma izimbobo ezinomucu wokujula omkhulu kunobude bokufaka.Izisiki eziqinile ze-carbide zivame ukusetshenziselwa umshini izimbobo ezinomucu ojulile ongaphansi kobude bethuluzi.
2.3 Uhlelo lwe-NC lokugaya intambo
Ukuhlelwa kwamathuluzi okugaya intambo kuhlukile ohlelweni lwamanye amathuluzi.Uma uhlelo lokucubungula lungalungile, kulula ukubangela ukulimala kwamathuluzi noma amaphutha okucubungula intambo.Lapho uhlanganisa, naka amaphuzu alandelayo:
⑴ Okokuqala, imbobo engezansi enentambo kufanele icutshungulwe kahle, imbobo encane yobubanzi kufanele icutshungulwe nge-drill, futhi imbobo enkulu kufanele icutshungulwe ngokubhora ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwembobo engezansi efakwe intambo.
(2) Lapho usika ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ithuluzi kufanele lisebenzise indlela eyindilinga eyi-arc, ngokuvamile eyindilinga engu-1/2 yokusika noma ukuphuma, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiqondiso se-axis ye-Z kufanele sihambe 1/2 pitch ukuqinisekisa ukuma. wentambo.Inani lesinxephezelo serediyasi yethuluzi kufanele ilethwe ngalesi sikhathi.
⑶ X, Y i-axis arc interpolation yomjikelezo owodwa, i-spindle kufanele ihambe iphimbo elilodwa eduze nendawo ye-eksisi engu-Z, ngaphandle kwalokho, uchungechunge luzofinywa ngokungahleliwe.
⑷ Uhlelo olukhethekile lwesibonelo: ububanzi bomshini wokusika intambo ngu-Φ16, imbobo enentambo ingu-M48×1.5, futhi ukujula kwembobo enentambo ingu-14.
Inqubo yokucubungula imi kanje:
(Inqubo yembobo engezansi enentambo ayifakiwe, imbobo kufanele ibe imbobo engezansi eyisicefe)
G0 G90 G54 X0 Y0
G0 Z10 M3 S1400 M8
G0 Z-14.75 Okuphakelayo kuya engxenyeni ejulile yochungechunge
G01 G41 X-16 Y0 F2000 Hambisa endaweni yokuphakelayo bese wengeza isinxephezelo serediyasi
G03 X24 Y0 Z-14 I20 J0 F500 Sebenzisa i-arc eyindilinga engu-1/2 ukuze usike
G03 X24 Y0 Z0 I-24 J0 F400 Sika yonke intambo
G03 X-16 Y0 Z0.75 I-20 J0 F500 Lapho usika, sebenzisa i-arc eyindilinga engu-1/2 ukusika i-G01 G40 X0 Y0 Buyela phakathi nendawo, khansela isinxephezelo serediyasi.
G0 Z100
M30
3. Khetha bese uwisa
3.1 Izici zendlela yokukhetha nenkinobho
Izimbobo ezinkulu ezinentambo kwesinye isikhathi zingahlangana nezingxenye zebhokisi.Uma bengekho ompompi nabasiki bezintambo zokugaya, kungasetshenziswa indlela efana nokukha ama-lathe.
Faka ithuluzi lokuvula intambo kubha eyisicefe ukuze uthole intambo eyisicefe.
Inkampani icubungule iqoqo lezingxenye, intambo ingu-M52x1.5, futhi isikhundla singu-0.1mm (bheka Umfanekiso 1).Ngenxa yezidingo zesikhundla esiphezulu kanye nembobo enkulu enentambo, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa umpompi ukuze ucutshungulwe, futhi asikho isisiki sokugaya intambo.Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-pick and buckle indlela yokuqinisekisa izidingo zokucubungula.
3.2 Izinyathelo zokuqapha zendlela yokukhetha nokuwisa
⑴ Ngemuva kokuthi i-spindle iqalile, kufanele kube nesikhathi sokulibaziseka ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-spindle ifinyelela isivinini esilinganiselwe.
(2) Uma uhoxisa ithuluzi, uma kuyithuluzi lentambo eliphansi ngesandla, njengoba ithuluzi alikwazi ukulolwa ngokulinganayo, ithuluzi lokuhlehla alikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlehlisa.I-spindle orientation kumele isetshenziswe, ithuluzi linyakaze ngokukhazimulayo, bese ithuluzi liyahoxiswa.
⑶ Ukwakhiwa kwe-arbor kufanele kucace, ikakhulukazi ukuma kwe-kerf kufanele kuhambisane.Uma zingahambisani, ukucubungula ibha yamathuluzi amaningi ngeke kusetshenziswe.Uma kungenjalo, kuzodala ukudideka.
⑷ Ngisho noma kuyibhande elincanyana kakhulu, akufanele lithathwe ngommese owodwa lapho lilikha, ngaphandle kwalokho lizobangela ukulahleka kwamazinyo kanye nokuba lukhuni kwendawo.Kufanele ihlukaniswe okungenani ibe yizicucu ezimbili.
⑸ Ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kuphansi, futhi kulungele kuphela ucezu olulodwa lwamaqoqo amancane, imicu yephimbo ekhethekile futhi awekho amathuluzi ahambisanayo.
3.3 Izinhlelo zezibonelo ezithile
I-N5 G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0
N10 Z15
N15 S100 M3 M8
Ukulibaziseka kwe-N20 G04 X5, yenza i-spindle ifinyelele isivinini esilinganiselwe
Inkinobho yokukhetha ye-N25 G33 Z-50 K1.5
I-N30 M19 Ukuma kwe-spindle
N35 G0 X-2 vumela ummese
Ithuluzi lokuhoxisa le-N40 G0 Z15
4. Isifinyezo
Ukufingqa, izindlela zokucutshungulwa kwentambo ezikhungweni zemishini ye-cnc ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukucubungula kampompi, ukucubungula ukugaya kanye nendlela yokukha.Ukucutshungulwa kompompi nokucubungula izindlela zokucubungula eziyinhloko, futhi indlela yokukha iyindlela yesikhashana nje ephuthumayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-13-2022